Sociology and Culture Universal Culture - 1785 Words

SOCIOLOGY derived from the word socio comes from the latin word socius which means companion with others and logy comes from the greek word logos which means study of. AUGUSTE COMTE father of sociology. Make him a pioneer - used the method of positivism. - he used techniques in observation, comprehension and experimentation. HARRIET MARTINEAU she translate everything the Comte wrote into English. She fought for women’s liberation religious toleration emancipation of slaves. HERBERT SPENCER society is like an organism (organismic view) which means society has part that has specific function. EMILE DURKHEIM the behavior of a person must be understood by a context content. Contribution: study of suicide i.†¦show more content†¦Not judging. VALUE – is something good. Standards. Important. Beautiful. VALUES FORMATION 1. PRE CONDITIONAL STAGE: Childhood - Ideas imposed/taught by people who have power over us. 2. CONVENTIONAL STAGE: Youth - Identify with our peers. 3. POST CONVENTIONAL STAGE: Adulthood - Internalizes what values are good for him. FILIPINO VALUES 1. CLOSE FAMILY TIES – family is the most important unit of society. Source of strength. 2. SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE – to be recognized/acknowledge by others. a. PAKIKISAMA – to get along with others. b. EUPHEMISM – stating an unpleasant truth so not to offend others c. USE OF GO-BETWEEN – to preserve smooth interpersonal relationship. d. PAKIKIRAMDAM 3. PERSONALISM – importance of person with whom we have face to face interaction. a. NEPOTISM – employment of people who are related 4. NONRATIONALISM – tendency to see things as sacred. a. ANIMISM – belief the spirit pervade us. b. FATALISM – having matters as they are because nature will take its course. 5. BAYANIHAN – helping with one another and friendship with one another. 6. UTANG NA LOOB – â€Å"infinite responsibility†. Unending gratitude extended to you. 7. HOSPITALITY – warmly open their homes even to s trangers. Warm welcomes. 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Abortion As A Crime And A Sin - 1654 Words

Every year 1,511,300 infant lives are taken; 1,500,000 are victims of abortion, not including countries other than our own. If a mother were to kill her child after it were born it would be considered murder, so why is it that when a mother is growing her child inside of her there are no legal consequences for aborting her child? Over a span of several lifetimes, and in a variety of cultures, there is history of women helping each other to abort. Over time the harmful and dangerous affects were becoming known and once these methods became more and more popular during the late nineteenth- century, states began to prohibit abortions. Abortion became a crime and a sin for several reasons. This was a dangerous procedure carried out with crude methods, few antiseptics, and high mortality rates. But this alone cannot explain the resentment towards abortion. In the 1890s, doctors estimated that there were two million abortions a year in the U.S, compared to the one and a half million today. 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Last Sacrifice Chapter Ten Free Essays

string(25) " to kill our late queen\." WHEN YOUR BOYFRIEND IS A dream-walker, you pick up a few lessons. One of the most important is that doing physical things in dreams feels exactly like doing them in the real world. Say, like kissing someone. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Sacrifice Chapter Ten or any similar topic only for you Order Now Adrian and I had shared a number of dream- kisses intense enough to spark my body wanting to try a whole lot more. Although I’d never actually attacked someone in a dream, I was willing to bet a punch here would feel just as painful as a real one. Without hesitation, I lunged toward Victor, uncertain as to whether I should sock him or choke him. Both seemed like good ideas. Turned out, I did neither. Before I could reach him, I slammed into an invisible wall–hard. It both blocked me from him and bounced me back at the impact. I stumbled, tried to regain my footing, but instead landed painfully on the ground. Yup–dreams felt just like real life. I glared at Robert, feeling a mix of both anger and uneasiness. I tried to hide that last emotion. â€Å"You’re a spirit user with telekinesis?’ We’d known that was possible, but it was a skill neither Lissa nor Adrian had mastered yet. I really didn’t like the idea that Robert might have the power to throw objects around and create invisible barriers. It was a disadvantage we didn’t need. Robert remained enigmatic. â€Å"I control the dream.’ Victor was looking down at me with that smug, calculating expression he excelled at. Realizing what an undignified position I was in, I leapt to my feet. I kept a hard stance, my body tense and ready as I wondered if Robert would keep the wall up continuously. â€Å"Are you done with your tantrum?’ asked Victor. â€Å"Behaving like a civilized person will make our talk so much more pleasant.’ â€Å"I have no interest in talking to you,’ I snapped. â€Å"The only thing I’m going to do is hunt you down in the real world and drag you back to the authorities.’ â€Å"Charming,’ said Victor. â€Å"We can share a cell.’ I winced. â€Å"Yes,’ he continued. â€Å"I know all about what happened. Poor Tatiana. Such a tragedy. Such a loss.’ His mocking, melodramatic tone sparked an alarming idea. â€Å"You †¦ you didn’t have anything to do with it, did you?’ Victor’s escape from prison had triggered a lot of fear and paranoia amongst the Moroi. They’d been convinced he was coming for them all. Knowing the truth about the escape, I’d dismissed such talk and figured he’d simply lie low. Now, remembering how he’d once wanted to start a revolution among the Moroi, I wondered if the queen’s murderer actually was the most evil villain we knew. Victor snorted. â€Å"Hardly.’ He put his hands behind his back as he paced the room and pretended to study the art. I again wondered how far Robert’s shield extended. â€Å"I have much more sophisticated methods to accomplish my goals. I wouldn’t stoop to something like that–and neither would you.’ I was about to point out that messing with Lissa’s mind was hardly sophisticated, but his last words caught my attention. â€Å"You don’t think I did it?’ He glanced back from where he’d been studying a man with a top hat and cane. â€Å"Of course not. You’d never do anything that required that much foresight. And, if what I’ve heard about the crime scene is true, you’d never leave that much evidence behind.’ There was both an insult and a compliment there. â€Å"Well, thanks for the vote of confidence. I’ve been worrying about what you’d think.’ This earned me a smile, and I crossed my arms over my chest. â€Å"How do you guys even know what’s happening at Court? Do you have spies?’ â€Å"This sort of thing spreads throughout the Moroi world quickly,’ said Victor. â€Å"I’m not that out of touch. I knew about her murder almost as soon as it happened. And about your most impressive escape.’ My attention mostly stayed on Victor, but I did cast a quick glance at Robert. He remained silent, and from the blank, distracted look in his eyes, I wondered if he was even aware of what was being said around him. Seeing him always sent a chill down my spine. He was a prominent example of spirit at its worst. â€Å"Why do you care?’ I demanded. â€Å"And why the hell are you bothering me in my dreams?’ Victor continued his pacing, pausing to run his fingertips along the harp’s smooth, wooden surface. â€Å"Because I have a great interest in Moroi politics. And I’d like to know who’s responsible for the murder and what their game is.’ I smirked. â€Å"Sounds like you’re just jealous someone else is pulling the strings besides you for a change. No pun intended.’ His hand dropped from the harp, back to his side, and he fixed his sharp eyes on me, eyes the same pale green as Lissa’s. â€Å"Your witty commentary isn’t going to get you anywhere. You can either let us help you or not.’ â€Å"You are the last person I want help from. I don’t need it.’ â€Å"Yes. Things seem to be going quite well for you, now that you’re a hunted fugitive and on the run with a man that many still believe is Strigoi.’ Victor gave a calculated pause. â€Å"Of course, I’m sure you don’t mind that last part so much. You know, if I found you two, I could probably shoot you and be welcomed back as a hero.’ â€Å"Don’t bet on it.’ Rage burned through me, both at his insinuation and because he’d caused so much trouble for Dimitri and me in the past. With great force of will, I replied in a low, deadly voice: â€Å"I am going to find you. And you probably won’t live to see the authorities.’ â€Å"We already established murder isn’t in your skill set.’ Victor sat down in one of the cushioned chairs, making himself comfortable. Robert continued standing, that out-of-it expression still on his face. â€Å"Now, the first thing we need to do is determine why someone would want to kill our late queen. You read "Last Sacrifice Chapter Ten" in category "Essay examples" Her abrasive personality is hardly motivation, though I’m sure it didn’t hurt. People do things like this for power and advantage, to push their agendas through. From what I hear, Tatiana’s most controversial action recently was that age law–yes, that’s the one. The one making you scowl at me like that. It stands to reason that her murderer opposed that.’ I didn’t want to comply with Victor at all. I didn’t want a reasonable discussion with him. What I wanted was some indication of where he was in real life, and then, I wanted to take a chance on slamming into that invisible wall again. It’d be worth the risk if I could do some damage. So, I was a bit surprised when I found myself saying, â€Å"Or, whoever did it wanted to push something worse through–something harsher on dhampirs. They thought her decree was too soft.’ I admit, catching Victor Dashkov off guard was one of the greatest joys of my life. I had that satisfaction now, seeing his eyebrows rise in astonishment. It wasn’t easy proposing something a master schemer like him hadn’t already considered. â€Å"Interesting,’ he said at last. â€Å"I may have underestimated you, Rose. That’s a brilliant deduction on your part.’ â€Å"Well, um †¦ it wasn’t exactly my deduction.’ Victor waited expectantly. Even Robert snapped out of his daze and focused on me. It was creepy. â€Å"It was Tatiana’s. I mean, not her deduction. She said it directly–well, that is, the note she left for me did.’ Why was I rambling in front of these guys? At least I surprised Victor again. â€Å"Tatiana Ivashkov left you a note with clandestine information? Whatever for?’ I bit my lip and turned my attention over to one of the paintings. It showed an elegant Moroi woman with those same jade green eyes most Dashkovs and Dragomirs shared. I suddenly wondered if perhaps Robert had formed this dream in some Dashkov mansion from their childhood. Movement in my periphery made me instantly turn back to the brothers. Victor rose and took a few steps toward me, curiosity and cunning all over him. â€Å"There’s more. What else did she tell you? She knew she was in danger. She knew this law was part of it †¦ but it wasn’t the only thing, was it?’ I remained silent, but a crazy idea began forming in my mind. I was actually considering seeing if Victor could help me. Of course, in retrospect, that wasn’t such a crazy notion, considering I’d already busted him out of prison to get his help. â€Å"Tatiana said †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Should I say it? Should I give up the secret even Lissa didn’t know? If Victor knew there was another Dragomir, he might use that knowledge for one of his schemes. How? I wasn’t sure but had long learned to expect the unexpected from him. Yet †¦ Victor knew a lot of Moroi secrets. I would have enjoyed watching him and Abe match wits. And I didn’t doubt that a lot of Victor’s inside knowledge involved the Dragomirs and Dashkovs. I swallowed. â€Å"Tatiana said that there was another Dragomir. That Lissa’s dad had an affair and that if I could find whoever this is, it’ll give Lissa her power back on the Council.’ When Victor and Robert exchanged shocked looks, I knew my plan had backfired. Victor wasn’t going to give me insight. Instead, I’d been the one to just yield valuable information. Damn, damn, damn. He turned his attention back to me, his expression speculative. â€Å"So. Eric Dragomir wasn’t the saint he so often played.’ I balled my fists. â€Å"Don’t slam her dad.’ â€Å"Wouldn’t dream of it. I liked Eric immensely. But yes †¦ if this is true, then Tatiana is right. Vasilisa technically has family backing, and her liberal views would certainly cause friction on a Council that never seems to change their ways.’ He chuckled. â€Å"Yes, I can definitely see that upsetting many people–including a murderer who wants to oppress dhampirs. I imagine he or she wouldn’t want this knowledge to get out.’ â€Å"Someone already tried to get rid of records linking Lissa’s dad to a mistress.’ I again spoke without thinking and hated myself for it. I didn’t want to give the brothers any more info. I didn’t want to play like we were all working together here. â€Å"And let me guess,’ said Victor. â€Å"That’s what you’re trying to do, isn’t it? Find this Dragomir bastard.’ â€Å"Hey, don’t–‘ â€Å"It’s just an expression,’ he interrupted. â€Å"If I know you two–and I feel confident I do– Vasilisa is desperately trying to clear your name back at Court while you and Belikov are off on a sexually charged adventure to find her brother or sister.’ â€Å"You don’t know anything about us,’ I growled. Sexually charged indeed. He shrugged. â€Å"Your face says it all. And really, it’s not a bad idea. Not a great one either, but not bad. Give the Dragomir family a quorum, and you’ll have a voice speaking on your behalf on the Council. I don’t suppose you have any leads?’ â€Å"We’re working on it,’ I replied evasively. Victor looked at Robert. I knew the two didn’t have any psychic communication, but as they exchanged glances, I had a feeling they were both thinking the same thing and confirming with each other. At last, Victor nodded and turned back to me. â€Å"Very well then. We’ll help you.’ He made it sound like he was reluctantly agreeing to do me a big favor. â€Å"We don’t need your help!’ â€Å"Of course you do. You’re out of your league, Rose. You’re wandering into a nest of ugly, complex politics–something you have no experience with. There’s no shame in acknowledging that, just as I’m not ashamed to admit that in an irrational, ill-planned fist fight, you would certainly prove superior.’ Another backhanded compliment. â€Å"We’re doing just fine. We have an Alchemist helping us.’ There. That would show him who was out of whose league. And, to my credit, he did look slightly impressed. Slightly. â€Å"Better than I expected. Has your Alchemist come up with a location or any lead yet?’ â€Å"She’s working on it,’ I repeated. He sighed in frustration. â€Å"We’re going to need time then, aren’t we? Both for Vasilisa to investigate Court and you to start tracking this child.’ â€Å"You’re the one who acts like you know everything,’ I pointed out. â€Å"I figured you’d know something about this.’ â€Å"To my chagrin, no.’ Victor didn’t really sound all that put out. â€Å"But as soon as we get a thread, I assure you, I’ll be essential in unraveling it.’ He walked over to his brother and patted Robert’s arm comfortingly. Robert stared back adoringly. â€Å"We’ll visit you again. Let us know when you have something useful, and then we’ll meet up with you.’ My eyes widened. â€Å"You’ll do no such–‘ I hesitated. I’d let Victor escape in Las Vegas. Now he was offering to come to me. Maybe I could repair that mistake and make good on my earlier threat to him. Quickly, I tried to cover my lapse of speech. â€Å"How do I know I can trust you?’ â€Å"You can’t,’ he said bluntly. â€Å"You’ve got to take it on faith that the enemy of your enemy is your friend.’ â€Å"I’ve always hated that saying. You’ll always be my enemy.’ I was a bit surprised when Robert suddenly came to life. He glared and stepped forward. â€Å"My brother is a good man, shadow-girl! If you hurt him †¦ if you hurt him, you’ll pay. And next time you won’t come back. The world of the dead won’t give you up a second time.’ I knew better than to take the threats of a crazy man seriously, but his last words sent a chill through me. â€Å"Your brother is a psycho–‘ â€Å"Enough, enough.’ Victor again gave Robert a reassuring pat on the arm. Still scowling at me, the younger Dashkov brother backed off, but I was willing to bet that invisible wall was back in place. â€Å"This does us no good. We’re wasting time–which is something we don’t have enough of. We need more. The monarch elections will start any day now, and Tatiana’s murderer could have a hand in those if there really was some agenda going on. We need to slow down the elections–not just to thwart the assassin, but also to give all of us time to accomplish our tasks.’ I was getting tired of all this. â€Å"Yeah? And how do you propose we do that?’ Victor smiled. â€Å"By running Vasilisa as a candidate for queen.’ Seeing as this was Victor Dashkov we were dealing with, I really shouldn’t have been surprised by anything he said. It was a testament to his level of craziness that he continually caught me unprepared. â€Å"That,’ I declared, â€Å"is impossible.’ â€Å"Not really,’ he replied. I threw my hands up in exasperation. â€Å"Haven’t you been paying attention to what we’ve been talking about? The whole point is to get Lissa full family rights with the Moroi. She can’t even vote! How could she run for queen?’ â€Å"Actually, the law says she can. According to the way the nomination policy is written, one person from each royal line may run for the monarch position. That’s all it says. One person from each line may run. There is no mention of how many people need to be in her family, as there is for her to vote on the Council. She simply needs three nominations–and the law doesn’t specify which family they come from.’ Victor spoke in such a precise, crisp way that he might as well have been reciting from a legal book. I wondered if he had all the laws memorized. I supposed if you were going to make a career of breaking laws, you might as well know them. â€Å"Whoever wrote that law probably assumed the candidates would have family members. They just didn’t bother spelling it out. That’s what people will say if Lissa runs. They’ll fight it.’ â€Å"They can fight it all they want. Those who are denying her a Council spot base it on one line in the law books that mentions another family member. If that’s their argument, that every detail must count, then they’ll have to do the same for the election laws– which, as I have said, do not mention family backing. That’s the beauty of this loophole. Her opponents can’t have it both ways.’ A smile twisted at Victor’s lips, supremely confident. â€Å"I assure you, there is absolutely nothing in the wording that prevents her from doing this.’ â€Å"How about her age?’ I pointed out. â€Å"The princes and princesses who run are always old.’ The title of prince or princess went to a family’s oldest member, and traditionally, that was the person who ran for king or queen. The family could decide to nominate someone else more fitting, but even then–to my knowledge–it was always someone older and experienced. â€Å"The only age restriction is full adulthood,’ said Victor. â€Å"She’s eighteen. She qualifies. The other families have much larger pools to draw from, so naturally, they’d select someone who seemed more experienced. In the Dragomir case? Well, that’s not an option, now is it? Besides, young monarchs aren’t without precedence. There was a very famous queen–Alexandra–who wasn’t much older than Vasilisa. Very well loved, very extraordinary. Her statue is by the Court’s church.’ I shifted uncomfortably. â€Å"Actually †¦ it’s, um, not there anymore. It kind of blew up.’ Victor just stared. He’d apparently heard about my escape but not all of the details. â€Å"It’s not important,’ I said hastily, feeling guilty that I’d been indirectly responsible for blowing up a renowned queen. â€Å"This whole idea about using Lissa is ridiculous.’ â€Å"You won’t be the only one who thinks so,’ Victor said. â€Å"They’ll argue. They’ll fight. In the end, the law will prevail. They’ll have to let her run. She’ll go through the tests and probably pass. Then, when voting comes, the laws that govern those procedures reference a family member assisting with the vote.’ My head was spinning by now. I felt mentally exhausted listening to all these legal loopholes and technicalities. â€Å"Just come right out and put it in simple language,’ I ordered. â€Å"When voting comes, she won’t be eligible. She has no family to fulfill the role required at the actual election. In other words, the law says she can run and take the tests. Yet, people can’t actually vote for her because she has no family.’ â€Å"That’s †¦ idiotic.’ â€Å"Agreed.’ He paused. I don’t think either of us ever expected to concur on something. â€Å"Lissa would hate this. She would never, ever want to be queen.’ â€Å"Are you not following this?’ exclaimed Victor. â€Å"She won’t be queen. She can’t. It’s a badly written law for a situation no one foresaw. It’s a mess. And it will bog down the elections so badly that we’ll have extra time to find Vasilisa’s sibling and find out who really killed Tatiana.’ â€Å"Hey! I told you: There’s no â€Å"we’ here. I’m not going to–‘ Victor and Robert exchanged looks. â€Å"Get Vasilisa nominated,’ said Victor abruptly. â€Å"We’ll be in touch soon on where to meet you for the Dragomir search.’ IT â€Å"Thats not–‘ I woke up. My immediate reaction was to swear, but then, remembering where I was, I kept my expletives inside my own head. I could make out Dimitri’s silhouette in the corner, alert and watchful, and didn’t want him to know I was awake. Closing my eyes, I shifted into a more comfortable position, hoping for true sleep that would block out the Dashkov brothers and their ridiculous schemes. Lissa running for queen? It was crazy. And yet †¦ it really wasn’t much crazier than most of the things I did. Putting that aside, I let my body relax and felt the tug of true sleep start to take me down. Emphasis on start. Because suddenly, I felt another spirit dream materializing around me. Apparently, this was going to be a busy night. How to cite Last Sacrifice Chapter Ten, Essay examples

Organizational Issues and Trends Paper Essay Sample free essay sample

Date: Schemes for manage emphasis within an organisation. Stress is one of the major issues in any given organisation. But literally. emphasis can be managed and be at a point of remaining emphasis free life. First one should ever hold a position that occupations are disposable ( Moshe Zeidner. 1998 ) and there should be no demand to go on working under intolerable conditions. Or in instance the employer is emphasizing you. you can easy look for another employer who can travel on good with you criterions. Another manner of assisting to get the better of emphasis at working topographic point is by being free to discourse with your employer on issues that you don’t travel good with in your on the job topographic point so as to enable him or her to let you to make things at your ain ways every bit far as the right occupation is done. This can be done by either altering the accomplishments you are utilizing at your work topographic point. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Issues and Trends Paper Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One should neer believe ever about occupation. if you realize that emphasis is constructing up. you can ever take clip off. relax and so you can restart your occupation while refreshed. Always take clip to form your work topographic point by either set uping your desk. Don’t merely get down up the work instantly you enter the office but ever give yourself clip to form your twenty-four hours. Never maintain jobs impacting you in your workplace for yourself. Always learn to speak out whatever is trouble oneselfing you to your workmates. Since you can acquire support from them. Ensure that you talk to trusted people since others can deter you which leads to construct up of more emphasis. You should be holding Alliess at work that can assist you at times of demands to cut down your emphasis degree. Humour is the best manner to cover with emphasis. If everyone is serious at workplace and due to some grounds stress start to construct up you can ever make humourous statement to let go of the emphasis. Bing re-creational is another indispensable manner of pull offing emphasis in an organisation ; this is because you engage in other activities outside your working topographic point in your free clip. There activities can be carried out over the weekends where you spend clip with household and friends or even taking sometimes off in the eventide to watch films and other kind of amusements. More besides. one should take his or her occupation positively non merely believing that there are batter occupations outside which are non forthcoming. Be comfy at your working topographic point and seek to associate good with other members of the staff which can make contributing working environment. Some single tend to take their work earnestly and stop up working uneven hours-example extending boulder clay late dark and working over the weekends which don’t give them clip to loosen up. Stress start edifice in. one time you do this and this can ensue to sickness. Therefore. one should hold realistic outlook and seek to work the right hours in order to ease construct up of emphasis. Affable relationship with other workmates is besides really of import since when one starts holding enemies and hapless relationship with others in working topographic point tend to do one uncomfortable and non willing to work in that topographic point. Therefore. you should hold good relationship with workmates so as to avoid emphasis. Mention Moshe Zeidner. ( 1998 ) . Test anxiousness: The province of art. Deland. Newman. ( 1984 ) Personal and organisational schemes for managing occupation emphasis. Blackwell Synergy.

Cher Essays - Cher, The Sonny Cher Comedy Hour, Sonny Bono, Believe

Cher Born Cherilyn LaPiere Sarkisian on May 20, 1946, in El Centro, California. Cher met Sonny Bono, a recorder producer, in a coffee shop when she was sixteen. The two began performing together as a musical act, at one point billing themselves as "Caesar and Cleo." They married when Cher was eighteen and by 1965, Sonny and Cher were a popular act on the West Coast, renowned for their outrageous outfits. Their first big hit was "I Got You, Babe," (1965) which sold over four million copies. The couple had a daughter, Chastity Bono, in 1969. In the 1970s, they starred in their own top-rated television variety show: The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour (1971-1974). The end of their show coincided with the collapse of their marriage. The couple divorced in 1974, but reunited professionally for The Sonny and Cher Show (1976-1977). Bono went on to become a Republican congressman before his death in a ski accident in 1998. Cher had a brief marriage to rock musician Gregg Allman in the late 1970s, which produced a son, Elijah Blue Allman. After a stint on the Las Vegas circuit in the late 1970s/early 1980s, Cher launched a successful film career. She received a Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination for her role in Silkwood (1983), and a Best Actress Academy Award for Moonstruck (1987), in which she played an Italian widow. Her other notable movies include: Mask (1985), Suspect (1987), Witches of Eastwick (1987), Mermaids (1990), and Tea With Mussolini. In 1996, Cher made her directorial debut with one segment of HBO's three-part film, If These Walls Could Talk. She is the author of several beauty and fitness books, as well as an autobiographical work, The First Time (1998). Cher also released two "Cherfitness" videos, in 1991 and 1992. In 1999, Cher found success again on the pop-music charts with her album Believe, released in late 1998. Her smash single, a neo-disco anthem also titled "Believe" made her, at age 52, the oldest American woman ever to record a No. 1 hit. Her sold-out tour began in June 1999. In early 2000, Cher overwhelmed the competition at the Grammy Awards, beating out fellow divas Jennifer Lopez, Gloria Estefan, and Donna Summer for Best Dance Recording, and winning her first Grammy, for "Believe".

The Plight of the Impoverished essays

The Plight of the Impoverished essays When a historian analyzes the time period that spanned from after the Civil War to the turn of the century, numerous changes are observed. The greatest change that holds significance to the present day was the explosion of industrialization. America underwent a metamorphosis from a chiefly agrarian society to an urban metropolis, and the nation transformed into a major player in world affairs, rather than some backwoods land of frontiersmen. Consequently, the wealth of America began to climb upward, and the quality of life for many was steadily improving. However, there were many urban dwellers who suffered greatly during this time period. It was upon the backs of the working class citizens that the new America was built, and their squalor was looked upon as being necessary for progress. It was clear that progressive reform, something that was often previously looked upon as being radical and un-American (Jennings), was urgently needed, if only to preserve the American ideal of an egalitarian society, so that it should not become only an empty assertion with no basis on reality. Working conditions were often appalling, with many factory workers laboring six days a week, with twelve hour shifts. Steel workers could expect as much as eighty-four hours a week in the steel mill - which is over twice as much as the forty-hour work week that is the norm for today. Not only were the wages low, but many factories worked seasonally, and would shut down for months at a time, with all the workers left without a paycheck until factory was reopened. (Jennings) Obviously, such circumstances were Especially alarming was the use of child labor. Child laborers were mentally, emotionally, and physically stunted because they were starved of the normal affection and recreation that a child should enjoy. Many of the jobs performed by children were quite dangerous. When one looks at pictures of &qu...

Microfinance provides both opportunities and challenges for women Essay

Microfinance provides both opportunities and challenges for women. Critically discuss with reference to at least one case study - Essay Example Land titling, it is believed, gives the poor a way out of poverty and integrating them into the markets. But many land titling programs as development projects do not take into account gender inequalities. Land lies at the heart of agrarian economies; which includes much of the developing world. Traditionally it has formed the basis of power, social status and is a vital productive resource. For rural women, however, the unequal ownership and control of this valued asset has become a critical factor that has created and reinforced gender inequality. World wide, in many rural societies women, like men, are active farmers and play substantial roles in primary agriculture production. Yet, they own very little land and are instead dependent upon social and customary provisions for indirect use as daughters, wives, mothers and community members (Agrawal, 1996). These rights are linked primarily to access, which do not grant security when traditional family structures dissolve in the case of divorce, desertion, widowhood and separation (Agrawal, 1989). This is especially relevant in todays context which is characterized by globalization, land commoditization, HIV/AIDs epidemic and increased feminization of agriculture (Agrawal, 1996, Whitehead and Tsikata, 2003, Razavi, 2009). According to Agrawal (1996), the idea of male bread-winner underlies the justification of men as legitimate owners of land; as it is assumed that sons will take care of mothers, while husbands and brothers will take care of wives and sisters respectively. Drawing upon the existing feminist literature, the paper seeks to draw out the arguments for womens land rights as a development intervention paradigm which maintain that it will lead to equality, empowerment, welfare and efficiency; followed by the discussions on the difficulties of its enforcement and consequences given existing cultural norms. The paper then discusses two case studies to highlight the benefits that have accrued

Pricing strategy of ipos and what are the reason behind failure in Essay

Pricing strategy of ipos and what are the reason behind failure in ipos in india - Essay Example I am aware of the policy on plagiarism and can understand its implications. I can produce a hard copy of this assignment as when demanded by the University. The Dissertation entitled Under Pricing and After Market Performance- a Study on Indian Initial Public Offering is the outcome of my sole effort with the advice and help of many. First I am grateful to the Almighty for the endless help and enthusiasm extended to me completing the work in time. I am also thankful to my Professor (Name here) for his/her valuable supervision and advice for producing a quality work. Next, I am indebted to each and every friend of mine for the help and enthusiasm they extended to me for completing the work without much difficulty. I am also grateful to University (Name of the university) for the help and learning environment extended to me for studying and preparing a dissertation on finance. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for the warm influence and love which ha been a source of inspiration for me for the successful completion of the work. The work entitled under pricing and after market performance- A study on Indian Initial Public Offering is an attempt to examine the important determinants of under pricing and analyse the behaviour of initial public offering return and after market performance in Indian context. The researcher takes a sample of 20 Indian Initial Public Offering listed on both Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE). The samples are selected on a certain conditions to ensure the authenticity of the data collected and the generalisations arrived at after the completion of the work. Many research studies have been undertaken in the field of market under pricing and long rum market performance. Many of them came out with results that under pricing are a common phenomenon in the stock market IPO and the long term performance of common stock is exactly in

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Company law - Essay Example The committee must also make sure that remuneration arrangements strictly abide by the regulatory bodies’ requirements and meet the expectations of shareholders as well as the wider employee population (ibid). Earlier, controversial director remuneration increases in the United Kingdom were widely criticised and as a result, the UK government framed a set of regulations to control executive director remuneration. According to the Code of Best Practice suggested by the Greenbury committee, the remuneration committee must be comprised of non executive directors. The Greenbury committee also directs to completely disclose the remuneration policy as well as directors’ individual remuneration package. The UK Corporate Governance Code 2010 or simply the Code, which is a set of some good corporate principles, describes various procedures involved in setting executive director remuneration in public limited companies. Section D.1 of the UK Corporate Governance Code 2010 states that the level of remuneration should be sufficient enough to attract, motivate, and retain executive directors and thereby run the company successfully. At the same time, the level of executive remuneration must not be more than necessary. The section D.1 specifically says that â€Å"a significant proportion of executive directors’ remuneration should be structured so as to link rewards to corporate and individual performance† (The UK Corporate Governance Code, 2010). The Code continues that elements of performance-based executive remuneration must focus on the company’s long term success. In addition, the remuneration committee has to decide whether to structure their remuneration policy relative to other companies; however, the committee must consider the risk of higher levels of remuneration with no corresponding performance improvement. The committee should also consider pay and employment conditions while making decisions on annual salary increases. The Se ction D.2 deals with procedures involved in setting executive directors’ remuneration. According to this section, â€Å"there should be a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on executive remuneration and for fixing the remuneration packages of individual directors† (The UK corporate governance code (The UK Corporate Governance Code, 2010). Referring to Main principles of the UK corporate governance code (genius methods, 2010) section D.2 clearly tells that no executive director must not be allowed to involve in setting his/her own remuneration (ibid). The remuneration committee has the obligation to confer with the chairman and/or chief executive regarding the effectiveness of the proposal framework structured on the executive director remuneration. The committee also has the responsibility to appoint consultants in order to effectively set a potential executive director remuneration policy. If there is an involvement from the part of executive direc tors of top management in advising or assisting the remuneration committee, due care must be exercised to timely identify and avoid conflicts of interest. It is the duty of the board chairman to ensure that the company effectively communicates to its shareholders regarding various aspects of the remuneration proposal. The section D.2.1 of the Code tells that there should be at least three (it can be two in case of smaller

Gene Therapy for Haemophiliacs

Gene Therapy for Haemophiliacs Introduction The main goal of gene therapy is to replace a mutating gene that causes disease, with a healthy copy of the gene or inserting a new gene into the body to help fight the particular disease. In addition, gene therapy is a promising treatment option for a number of diseases such as inherited disorders, different types of cancer and viral diseases. (Samuel Murphy, 2008) Nonetheless, the technique is still under tests, for the reason that it stays risky. According to Professor Nathwani, there is no confirmation of any side effects in patients who already have been treated with gene therapy, still, long-term-follow-up for the adults patients is required before the therapy can be approved for children. Gene therapy is currently only being tested for untreatable diseases. The most challenging one for the gene therapy is Haemophilia. It is yet not accomplished, however there is a significant progress of improvement. (National Library of Medicine, 2016). Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder resulted from low functional blood levels which slow down the blood thickening (clotting). Individuals with this condition experience prolonged bleeding during surgery, after a bad injury or even after they had a tooth pulled out. In very few cases of Haemophilia, prolonged bleeding occurs after minor trauma or in absence of any. In situations like this, bleeding into the brain, joints, or other internal organs could cause serious complications (National Library of Medicine, 2012). Haemophilia overview, diagnosis and treatment options There are two principle types of Haemophilia A and B. Haemophilia A, additionally called, factor VIII, is a hereditary disorder caused by the absent or defective factor VIII (clotting protein). (National Haemophilia Foundation, no date). Haemophilia B, likewise, called factor IX (Christmas disease) is a hereditary disorder caused by the absent or defective factor IX (also a clotting protein), approximately 1/3 of the cases, in both types, are caused by a spontaneous change in a gene. The X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The haemophilia gene is carried in the X chromosome. Males have XY chromosomes, X from their mother and Y from their father. Females have two X chromosomes, one from their mother and one from their father. In this case, if a boy has haemophilia gene in his X chromosome from his mother, he will have haemophilia. However, fathers cannot pass haemophilia to their sons. At the point when a female has haemophilia gene on only one of her X chromosomes, impli es as a carrier and can only pass the disease to her children. (National Haemophilia Foundation, no date). Haemophilia is more common in males than females. Nowadays, 1 in 5000 males worldwide are born each year with Haemophilia A and approximately 1 in 20 000 with Haemophilia B.(National Library of Medicine, 2012). The most convenient way to diagnose Haemophilia is to find out if the disease is in the family history, then it would be very possible for the new-born to be infected as well. The other ways to diagnose the disease is to do blood tests to determine any missing clotting factors or low levels, and which ones are causing the problem, and DNA test, which is looking for mutations who cause the haemophilia and eventually compare it to the carrier (parents). The main treatment for haemophilia is called replacement therapy (gene therapy), involves injecting missing clotting factor proteins into the affected persons bloodstream. These proteins help to repair normal blood clotting but often the therapy must be repeated frequently (Hemophilia Federation of America, no date). Gene therapys future Over the past 15 years an empowering data from successful trials on animals and humans have finally resulted incredible accomplishment in patients with severe Haemophilia A and B. Researches from the University College London and St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital organised a team to investigate a potential gene therapy improvement. The investigation was focused on 6 males with severe Haemophilia B. All patients received one-time intravenous infusions of the gene vector at different doses. As indicated by the review, the men were producing clotting factor IX at less than 1% of normal levels. After the gene therapy each patient was tested and the result showed a significant improvement factor IX at between 2% and 11% of normal levels. According to the scientists, gene therapy would enhance the outcomes significantly more after proceeded regular therapy. (National Institutes of Health, 2011). Most recently in 2016 another experiment took place, made by BioMarin. The case included 8 patients with severe form of Haemophilia A. The released information was demonstrated that 2 high dose patients had an increased levels of Factor VIII above 50 percent. Every one of the patients received a single dose of BMN 270 (new investigational drug), 6 of whom have been treated at the highest dose of 61013 vg/kg. The full treatment lasted up to four months. After the last observation, according to the researchers, the highest dose levels of experienced increasing Factor VIII ranged between 4 and 60 percent. All high dose patients had a significant improvement. Also, according to the World Federation of Haemophilia, factor levels were variating in the normal ranges. However, there was a slight problem with some of the patients. BioMarin noticed that some patients had expanded liver enzyme levels (because of the long period of the therapy), prophylactic corticosteroid therapy was given and according to the company, the enzyme levels dropped back to normal. (Ben Adams, 2016). Third significant test included clinical trials managed by Professor Amit Nathwani of University College London and demonstrated an actual hope for haemophilia B patients. In this experiment, each patient received one of three doses of a gene therapy vector to deliver the genetic material for making Factor IX. Factor IX levels increased in all individuals with severe haemophilia B, the following gene therapy remained stable and lasted for more than 4 years. Amazing results and incredible improvement. Moreover, the six patients who received the highest gene therapy dose, remained high blood-clotting protein levels from less than one percent of normal to five or more, which reduced the spontaneous bleeding to 90 percent. According to Professor Nathwani, the unimaginable outcomes permitted the patients to live ordinary life and eventually practice their favourite sport without the need for Factor IX replacement therapy or any daily medication. (New England Journal of Medicine, 2011). Th e following graphs are showing the gained results from the experiment: Figure 1. Factor IX activity after gene transfer (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2014) Figure 2. Number of annual bleeding episodes (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2014)         Ã‚   Both of the graphs are demonstrating the improvement in each patient. Scientists do numerous trials, experiments and researches each day to develop the gene therapy technique. Many evidences of clinical efficacy are currently observed, more work is accomplished and more researches are made. Gene therapy has guaranteed the advantage to those who suffer from Haemophilia, however, this advantage has not been acknowledged yet due to the fact that this field is still young. Although, the majority of the taken experiments and their results are quite encouraging and for the past twenty years numerous trials demonstrated significant improvement in the patients (Christopher Doeing, 2009). Besides, the possibility of gene therapy treatment holds great hopes and has been successfully used to cure some diseases, however, the technique is still under research to make sure it will be safe and effective in the future with no life threatening side effects. It is believed that the gene therapy will l ead to patients having rare bleeding episodes or even begin producing their own clotting factor. Therefore, more experiments have to be done and researches should take care for future side effects or inherited disorders (Mark Derewicz, 2015). All the recent examples of severe haemophilia and the incredible improved process toward a cure showed how much potential this technique has. Is it going to be the next treatment of choice? In my opinion, yes. The ability to insert a foreign gene into the body, and make it possible to approach a new treatment or the ability to control one of the most dangerous human diseases, is one of the first steps to complete success. According to Jack McCain, in 1990 Dr. Anderson carried the first gene therapy trial and cured a hereditary disease of the immune system in a 4-year-old-girl. Today, the patient is still alive and doing very well. This medical case along with the analyses stated above, prove that gene therapy one day can become a staple of 21st century medicine (Jack McCain, 2005). Conclusion According to Graham Templeton, gene therapy researchers have invested decades to develop this amazing technique. Nowadays, gene therapy can be life-changing for many people around the world. For the past 50 years new technologies have been used to control bleeding disorders, however gene therapy offers the possibility of a cure. As stated, gene therapy might be the next sensational discovery for a treatment not only for haemophilia but cancer, other inherited disorders or even HIV (Graham Templeton, 2016). For the past few decades scientists had some successful developments such as: discovering new treatments, inventing new techniques to investigate particular diseases, however the most important one is to be able to treat untreatable diseases, and according to all the experiments stated above, gene therapy is a promising technique, not only for correcting defects, but also for treating cancer and other harmful diseases. More work needs to be done before gene therapy can become a tre atment of choice and this may take another decade until scientists are completely sure that there will be no harmful effects by choosing this technique as a possible cure of Haemophilia.

Psychology of Homer Simpson Essay -- essays research papers

Homer Jay Simpson, the patriarch of the Simpson household on the Fox series â€Å"The Simpsons† is a childish, lazy man, whose hobbies include eating donuts, drinking Duff Beer, watching television, and sleeping. A victim of the â€Å"Simpsons gene† which allows for only Simpson women to possess the trait of intelligence, Homer is unfortunately as â€Å"dumb as a chimp† according to his father, Abe Simpson. However, it is mainly through the analysis of his simplistic thoughts and nature, that one can gain a real perspective on Homer’s complex personality. Spending most of his time in high school smoking, drinking beer, and getting into trouble, (He even met his wife, Marge, while serving detention.) Homer’s lack of motivation for achievement grew with him into adulthood. The fat, balding character ends up working in Sector 7G of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, where he holds the record for most years worked at an entry level position. Even in the opening credits of the show, he is seen negligently tossing aside radioactive waste as the whistle blows to end the workday. In addition to his laziness at work, his sloth is also displayed in his free time where he is seen either lounging on his couch while indulging in donuts and watching anything that comes on television or drinking at Moe’s Tavern with his lifelong friends, Barney, Carl, Lenny, and Moe. Homer’s mind operates in terms of Freud’s â€Å"pleasure principle†, seeking instant gratification of desires, regardless of the consequences....